Nexplanon is a long-term, reversible prescription birth control implant inserted just beneath the skin of the upper arm. This small, plastic rod releases the hormone progestin to provide continuous pregnancy prevention for up to five years. It offers a highly effective option for individuals seeking hassle-free contraception without a daily regimen.
How Nexplanon Prevents Pregnancy
The implant works primarily by releasing a steady dose of progestin into the body. This hormone prevents pregnancy through three main mechanisms. First, it stops ovulation, meaning the ovaries do not release an egg. Second, it thickens the cervical mucus, making it significantly harder for sperm to reach an egg. Lastly, it alters the lining of the uterus, reducing the likelihood of implantation should fertilization occur.
The Insertion and Removal Procedure
A healthcare professional must perform both the insertion and removal of the implant in a clinical setting. The device is placed under the skin on the inner side of the non-dominant arm. Local anesthesia is applied to numb the area and minimize discomfort during the quick procedure. Before insertion, a pregnancy test is required to ensure the recipient is not pregnant.
The timing of the insertion depends on the previous contraceptive method used. For instance, individuals transitioning from non-hormonal methods should have it inserted within the first five days of their menstrual cycle. The implant can remain in place for up to five years but can be removed at any time if pregnancy is desired or if side effects occur. A new implant can be inserted during the same visit as the removal.
Common Side Effects and Health Risks
Like all hormonal contraceptives, this implant can cause side effects. The most common change is an alteration in menstrual bleeding patterns, which may include irregular bleeding, spotting, or a complete absence of periods. Other reported side effects include headaches, vaginitis, weight gain, acne, breast pain, and mood changes such as depression.
While rare, serious complications can occur. There is a small risk of improper insertion or removal, which can lead to the implant bending, breaking, or migrating from its original site. Additionally, hormonal birth control can increase the risk of blood clots, high blood pressure, and cardiovascular events like heart attacks or strokes.
Contraindications and Precautions
This contraceptive method may not be suitable for everyone. Individuals with a history of hormone-sensitive cancers, such as breast cancer, should avoid hormonal implants. It is also contraindicated for those with active liver disease, unexplained vaginal bleeding, or a history of severe blood clots. Prior to receiving the implant, it is essential to discuss all current medications and medical history with a healthcare provider to avoid potential drug interactions.
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